DETENTION STRATEGIES
Various stormwater detention strategies are summarized in a matrix. Each strategy has been assigned an effectiveness rating, based on a review of available research supporting the strategy, whether it has been tested within the Pacific Northwest or elsewhere, and its ability to implement and/or suitability for use at varying urban scales. The matrix indicates scale at which the strategy can be applied and its potential expense. It is interesting to note that at the civil and commercial scale, the most effective and least cost solutions include:
- a cistern from a downspout
- concave planting areas
- deck over permeable surface
- infiltration and dispersion trenches
- planting trees and planting at dripline
- soil amendment and mulching
We researched stormwater detention strategies based upon their ability to increase infiltration or collect and detain water.
SOURCES
Booth, D., Leavitt, J., and Peterson, K., The University of Washington Permeable Pavement Demonstration Project – Background and First-Year Field Results. Center for Urban Water Resources Management, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Washington. 1996.
Cahill, T., "A Second Look at Porous Pavement/Underground Recharge", Watershed Protection Techniques, Vol. 1, No. 2. Summer 1994. pp. 76-78.
Chollak, T. and Rosenfeld, R. Guidelines for Landscaping with Compost-amended Soils. Prepared for City of Redmond Public Works. Redmond, WA. 1998. 60 pp. http://depts.washington.edu/cuwrm/
Hinkley, T., College for Urban Horticulture, University of Washington. Correspondence via Email.
Kolsti, K,S. Burges, and Jensen, B., "Hydrologic Response of Residential-scale Lawns on Till Containing Various Amounts of Compost Amendment." Water Resources Technical Report No. 147. University of Washington, Dept. of Civil Engineering. Seattle, WA.1995.
Konrad, C., et al., "On Site Residential Stormwater Management Alternatives." Department of Civil Engineering, University of Washington. 1995.
Li, J.; Orland, R., Hogenbirk, T. "Environmental road and lot drainage designs: alternatives to the curb-gutter-sewer system." Civil Engineering Review. No. 1, pp. 26-39. 1998.
Metro Seattle. Biofiltration Swale Performance: recommendations and design considerations. Water Pollution Control Department, Seattle WA. 1992
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Schueler, T., Design of stormwater wetland systems : guidelines for creating diverse and effective stormwater wetlands in the mid-Atlantic Region. Washington, D.C. : Anacostia Resoration Team, Dept. of Environmental Programs, Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, 1992.
Tom Richman & Associates, "Start at the Source, Residential Site Planning & Design Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Protection." Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association. January, 1997. pp. 54.
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WEB
The Center for Urban Watershed Research Management, University of Washington
http://depts.washington.edu/cuwrm
City of Seattle Flow Control Manual (draft)
The public review draft will be available on the web after Oct. 16 and the final should be on the web after Nov. 1.
SEA- Streets - an article describing the project can be found at: www.djc.com/news/enviro/11005068.html