Industrialization of Building Process
- Upton's premise
- that need came first, not technology. The building was not a result of developing technology.
- positive points:
- cheaper
- housing and amenities for everyone
- negative points:
- loss of regional difference
- loss of craftsmanship
- homogonization
Slides
- Factory by slater, late 1700's
- memorized technology of paddle wheel run by water to spin cotton.
- Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, 1876-85, John Niernsee
- Each room had it's own ventilation system
- Larkin bldg., FLW, 1903
- Upton claims that this is an oppressive building that controlled women workers
- The reality is that this building is in a polluted area with awful views. FLW creates a beautiful space that is well ventilated, has natural light, and excludes the ugly view.
- Upton also criticizes FLW's houses
- Hurtly house
- Thomas house
- Dana house
- Robie house
- What FLW is doing here is deconstructing the box and extending the house outward via cantilevers.
- Richards Research Lab, Philadelphia, 1957-60, Louis Kahn
- Kahn is breaking down singular forms into served and servant spaces. He visually articulates this.
- Salk Institute, 1959-65, La Jolla, Ca., Louis Kahn
- idea of served and servant spaces divided horizontally
- Lovell Beach House,1926, Newport Beach, Ca, Rudolph Schindler
- structural innovations
- concrete frame
- ideals changed - houses driven by technology
- Gamble House, Green & Greene, 1905 - 07
- motivated by arts and crafts ideals, attention to detail
- Contrast these two:
- materials
- machine aesthetic vs. craftsman
- modern/not
- Lovell Health House, Ca, Richard Neutra
- created incredible spaces using stock materials
- steel frame and gunnite
- Eames House, Charles and Ray Eames
- both industrial designers
- house technologically driven
- glass, steel, and prefab materials
- Hale House, Craig Elwood, case study architect
- idea of using prefab materials so that public could afford housing
- Bauhaus - celebration of technology. A universal architecture - prefab/industrialized/democratic/classless/affordable. As efficient as a machine.
- Frank Gehry, his own house, Santa Monica, Ca, 1978
- traditional bungalow
- going back to tradtion and doing something with it. Use of common materials
- artistic movements of the time -> using found objects
- RoTo Architects, House in LA, 1990's
- took simple structure and converted it into a house using objects found on site
- What is Upton's point?
- All of these buildings had a machine aesthetic
- This was purely a style, technology had nothing to do with it